Glucagon is a pancreatic hormone that functions as an antagonist to insulin, stimulating the conversion of glycogen to glucose and increasing blood sugar levels. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide) and PACAP (pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide) are members of the glucagon family of hormones. GLP-1 functions as a transmitter in the central nervous system, inhibiting feeding and drinking behavior, whereas GLP-2 is a stimulator of intestinal epithelial growth. VIP causes vasodilation resulting in the lowering of blood pressure. PACAP is abundant in the hypothalamus and has been shown to increase the synthesis of several hormones, including growth hormone.
Background References
1. Gao Z et al. Male Men1 heterozygous mice exhibit fasting hyperglycemia in the early stage of MEN1. J Endocrinol 230:347-55 (2016).
2. Long AJ et al. Syk Inhibition Induces Platelet Dependent Peri-islet Hemorrhage in the Rat Pancreas. Toxicol Pathol 44:998-1012 (2016).
mIHC analysis of human pancreas tissue (Formalin/PFA-fixed paraffin-embedded sections) with Rabbit anti-Glucagon antibody (IRS150RB) at 1/100 dilution. The immunostaining was performed with the IRISKitCmTSA Kit (900808). Heat mediated antigen retrieval with Tris-EDTA buffer (pH 9.0) for 30 mins at 95℃. DAPI (blue) was used as a nuclear counter stain. Image acquisition was performed with Olympus VS200 Slide Scanner.
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