Lon protease homolog, mitochondrial is a protease, an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LONP1 gene. Lon protease (LONP1) is a conserved serine peptidase identified from bacteria to eukaryotic cells. In mitochondrial matrix, a majority of damaged proteins is removed via proteolysis led by Lon protease, which is an essential mechanism for mitochondrial protein quality control. LONP1 is the major protease responsible for the recognition and removal of unfolded proteins in the mitochondrial matrix and thereby protects the cell from the accumulation of aggregated proteins in the mitochondrion. However LONP1 is unable to recognise or degrade model aggregated proteins. LONP1 is also a DNA-binding protein that participates in mtDNA maintenance and gene expression regulation. LONP1 degrades mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) when substrate is modified by post-translational modifications (PTMs) such as phosphorylation, regulating mtDNA copy number and metabolism to maintain the TFAM/mtDNA ratio necessary to control replication and transcription.
Background References
1. Liu Y et al. Artemisinins ameliorate polycystic ovarian syndrome by mediating LONP1-CYP11A1 interaction. Science. 2024 Jun
2. Bai M et al. LONP1 targets HMGCS2 to protect mitochondrial function and attenuate chronic kidney disease. EMBO Mol Med. 2023 Feb
Blocking: 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Primary antibody: HA724808, 1/2,000 in primary antibody dilution buffer (K1803), overnight at 4 °C
Secondary antibody: Goat anti-Rabbit IgG-HRP (HA1001), 1/50,000 in 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Predicted band size: 106 kDa
Observed band size: 106 kDa
Application: Immunocytochemistry (IF-cell)
Species: Human
Sample: SH-SY5Y (Human neuroblastoma cell)
Fixation: 4% Paraformaldehyde, 15 minutes at room temperature.
Permeabilization: 0.1% Triton X-100, 15 minutes at room temperature.
Blocking: 1% BSA + 10% normal goat serum, 1 hour at room temperature.
Antibody dilution buffer: 1% BSA in PBST.
Primary antibody: HA724808, 1/1,000, overnight at 4°C.
Secondary antibody: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (iFluor™ 488, HA1121), 45 minutes at room temperature.
Counterstain: The mitochondria dyes was Mito-Tracker (Beyotime, Red). The nuclear counterstain was DAPI (Blue).
Application: Immunocytochemistry (IF-cell)
Species: Mouse
Sample: NIH/3T3 (Mouse fibroblast)
Fixation: 4% Paraformaldehyde, 15 minutes at room temperature.
Permeabilization: 0.1% Triton X-100, 15 minutes at room temperature.
Blocking: 1% BSA + 10% normal goat serum, 1 hour at room temperature.
Antibody dilution buffer: 1% BSA in PBST.
Primary antibody: HA724808, 1/200, overnight at 4°C.
Secondary antibody: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (iFluor™ 488, HA1121), 45 minutes at room temperature.
Counterstain: The mitochondria dyes was Mito-Tracker (Beyotime, Red). The nuclear counterstain was DAPI (Blue).
Application: Immunocytochemistry (IF-cell)
Species: Rat
Sample: C6 (Rat glioma cell)
Fixation: 4% Paraformaldehyde, 15 minutes at room temperature.
Permeabilization: 0.1% Triton X-100, 15 minutes at room temperature.
Blocking: 1% BSA + 10% normal goat serum, 1 hour at room temperature.
Antibody dilution buffer: 1% BSA in PBST.
Primary antibody: HA724808, 1/1,000, overnight at 4°C.
Secondary antibody: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (iFluor™ 488, HA1121), 45 minutes at room temperature.
Counterstain: The mitochondria dyes was Mito-Tracker (Beyotime, Red). The nuclear counterstain was DAPI (Blue).
Application: Immunohistochemistry (IHC-P)
Species: Human
Tissue: Colon
Sample: Paraffin-embedded section
Fixation: 4% Paraformaldehyde, 15 minutes at room temperature.
Permeabilization: 0.1% Tween-20, 15 minutes at room temperature.
Blocking: 1% BSA + 10% normal goat serum, 15 minutes at room temperature.
Antibody dilution buffer: 1x PBS.
Primary antibody: HA724808 (1/500, Red) compared with Rabbit IgG Isotype Control (HA722127, Green), 15 minutes at room temperature.
Secondary antibody: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (iFluor™ 488, HA1121), 15 minutes at room temperature.
Application: Flow Cytometry (Intra)
Species: Rat
Sample: C6 (Rat glioma cells)
Fixation: 4% Paraformaldehyde, 15 minutes at room temperature.
Permeabilization: 0.1% Tween-20, 15 minutes at room temperature.
Blocking: 1% BSA + 10% normal goat serum, 15 minutes at room temperature.
Antibody dilution buffer: 1x PBS.
Primary antibody: HA724808 (1/500, Red) compared with Rabbit IgG Isotype Control (HA722127, Green), 15 minutes at room temperature.
Secondary antibody: Goat Anti-Rabbit IgG (iFluor™ 488, HA1121), 15 minutes at room temperature.
Immunoprecipitation (IP)
LONP1 was immunoprecipitated in 0.2 mg HeLa (Human cervix adenocarcinoma epithelial cell) cell lysate with HA724808 at 2 µg/10 µl beads. Western blot was performed from the immunoprecipitate using HA724808 at 1/2,000 dilution. Anti-Rabbit IgG for IP, AlpSdAbs® VHH(HRP) (025-100-005) at 1/5,000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Lane 1: HeLa cell lysate (input)
Lane 2: HA724808 IP in HeLa cell lysate
Lane 3: Rabbit IgG instead of HA724808 in HeLa cell lysate
Exposure time: 10 seconds
Blocking: 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Primary dilution: HA724808, 1/2,000 in primary antibody dilution buffer (K1803), 2 hours at room temperature
Predicted band size: 106 kDa
Observed band size: 106 kDa
Immunoprecipitation (IP)
LONP1 was immunoprecipitated in 0.2 mg NIH/3T3 (Mouse fibroblast) cell lysate with HA724808 at 2 µg/10 µl beads. Western blot was performed from the immunoprecipitate using HA724808 at 1/2,000 dilution. HRP Conjugated Rabbit IgG kappa light chain Mouse Monoclonal Antibody(M1208-2) at 1/5000 dilution was used for 1 hour at room temperature.
Lane 1: NIH/3T3 cell lysate (input)
Lane 2: HA724808 IP in NIH/3T3 cell lysate
Lane 3: Rabbit IgG instead of HA724808 in NIH/3T3 cell lysate
Exposure time: 46 seconds
Blocking: 5% NFDM/TBST, 1 hour at room temperature
Primary dilution: HA724808, 1/2,000 in primary antibody dilution buffer (K1803), 2 hours at room temperature
Predicted band size: 106 kDa
Observed band size: 106 kDa
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